Regulating Imports with a Reciprocal Tariff to Rectify Trade Practices that Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits
The "Liberation Day" tariff order. Imposes a worldwide system of "reciprocal" tariffs calculated based on each country's trade surplus with the United States. Uses IEEPA authority. The single most consequential trade order of the administration and the subject of the landmark Supreme Court decision striking down IEEPA tariffs. Status: Clear plaintiff win at the Supreme Court. One of the most significant rulings of the term and the most prominent Major Questions Doctrine application against the administration.
Linked Court Cases (3)
***V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. Trump***, No. 25-cv-00066 (Ct. Int'l Trade) -- Five small businesses and 12 state AGs. CIT granted summary judgment May 28, 2025; Federal Circuit (en banc) affirmed.
***Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump***, No. 1:25-cv-01248 (D.D.C.) -- PI granted; transfer to CIT denied.
V.O.S. Selections v. Trump
Related Executive Orders
Litigation Summary
***V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. Trump***, No. 25-cv-00066 (Ct. Int'l Trade) -- Five small businesses and 12 state AGs. CIT granted summary judgment May 28, 2025; Federal Circuit (en banc) affirmed.; ***Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump***, No. 1:25-cv-01248 (D.D.C.) -- PI granted; transfer to CIT denied.; ***Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump***, 607 U.S. ___ (Feb. 20, 2026) -- Consolidated Supreme Court decision. **6-3: IEEPA does not authorize the President to impose tariffs.** The Court did not reach the "unusual and extraordinary threat" question or the refund question.; ***Burlap and Barrel, Inc. v. Trump*** (Ct. Int'l Trade, filed Feb. 2026) -- Successor challenge under Section 122 after the IEEPA defeat. CIT ruled Section 122 also does not authorize the new tariffs.