Legal Concepts
955 concepts across 22 categories - referenced in tracked cases.
Concept Hubs (5)
Emoluments
The Foreign and Domestic Emoluments Clauses, their history, and the debates over their reach.
Freedom of the Press
The First Amendment protections for the press: prior restraint, defamation, and the reporter’s privilege.
Election Law
The statutes and doctrines governing federal elections and voting.
Means-Ends Testing
How courts measure the fit between a government action and its stated purpose.
Political vs. Career Service
The line between political appointees and the protected career civil service.
Doctrine (303)
standing 27 Anti-Commandeering Doctrine 8 Executive order authority 8 judicial review 8 contempt of court 7 substantive due process 7 third-country removal 7 Vindictive prosecution 7 conspiracy 6 executive power 6 Freedom of the press 6 plenary power doctrine 6 tribal sovereignty 6 unitary executive 6 inducing infringement 5 new-property doctrine 5 procedural due process 5 alien enemies doctrine 4 Batson challenge 4 compelled/retaliatory action 4 dangerousness exception 4 diplomatic immunity 4 discriminatory intent 4 excessive force 4 executive privilege 4 Federalism 4 induced infringement 4 National Guard federalization 4 Native American sovereignty and tribal authority 4 presumption of reviewability 4 retaliatory action 4 speech incidental to conduct 4 Active inducement 3 Animus/intentional discrimination 3 Atkins doctrine 3 Buckley doctrine 3 deliberative process privilege 3 determination vs. termination/extension order 3 expressive conduct 3 Foreign sovereign immunity 3 independent expenditures 3 induced patent infringement 3 inducement to infringe 3 judicial immunity 3 partisan gerrymandering 3 political party coordinated spending 3 presidential authority over executive officials 3 procedural due process for aliens 3 prosecutorial discretion 3 racial profiling 3 retaliation 3 retaliatory action against protected speech 3 retaliatory prosecution 3 secondary liability 3 Statutory interpretation (legislative intent and background knowledge) 3 statutory non-revocation requirement for TPS 3 symbolic speech 3 unconstitutional conditions doctrine 3 vote dilution 3 Academic freedom 2 affirmative steps to prevent infringement 2 appropriations power 2 attorney-client privilege 2 attorney-client relationship qualification 2 Batson doctrine 2 Binding precedent 2 civil contempt 2 Community caretaker doctrine 2 compelled speech 2 conditional federal spending 2 congressional intent in constitutional interpretation 2 constructive custody 2 constructive discharge 2 content-based discrimination 2 Corporate liability under ATS 2 corporate political speech 2 corporate speech rights 2 criminal punishment vs. civil remedy distinction 2 delegated executive authority 2 derivative sovereign immunity 2 Diplomatic immunity from jurisdiction 2 domicile 2 Dual Sovereignty Doctrine 2 Electoral Federalism 2 executive power in immigration 2 executive power limits 2 express preemption 2 federal conditional grant requirements 2 federal contractor immunity 2 Federal courts jurisdiction 2 federal tort immunity scope 2 flag burning as protected expressive conduct 2 foreign affairs deference 2 Free speech in military context 2 good faith exception 2 government contractor immunity 2 government employee speech rights 2 government retaliation against press 2 Humphrey's Executor doctrine 2 impoundment 2 incorporation of the Bill of Rights 2 independent illegality doctrine 2 Insular Cases doctrine 2 intent 2 Jurisdictional status of undocumented immigrants 2 jury nullification 2 jus sanguinis 2 jus soli 2 material contribution 2 military enforcement of domestic law prohibition 2 minority voter representation 2 Necessity doctrine 2 negative inference (statutory interpretation) 2 Notice and opportunity to be heard 2 Officer of the United States 2 Officer status 2 particularity requirement 2 party responsibility for advancing facts 2 political gerrymandering 2 Presidential emergency authority 2 presidential immunity 2 presidential power limitation 2 presidential power to deploy National Guard 2 presidential removal/appointment power 2 press access to government facilities 2 private right of action 2 procedural defect review 2 professional speech doctrine 2 property interest in employment 2 Public figure doctrine 2 public forum doctrine 2 race-conscious redistricting 2 retaliatory government action 2 right to carry arms in public 2 rights-privileges distinction 2 separation of powers doctrine 2 shareholder primacy doctrine 2 Speech and Debate immunity 2 state election authority 2 statutory construction 2 statutory interpretation of preclusion clauses 2 statutory mandate 2 substance vs. procedure (determination vs. method of determination) 2 substantive-procedural distinction 2 successive prosecutions for different crimes from same conduct 2 Successor in interest 2 third-party records doctrine 2 tort 2 trademark protection of symbols 2 Tribal sovereignty limitation on federal jurisdiction 2 ultra vires authority 2 Unlawful intent 2 Unreasonable search and seizure 2 Yearsley immunity 2 selective prosecution 2 acting under federal authority 1 agency authority limits 1 agency discretion vs. mandatory procedures 1 aiding and abetting 1 allegiance requirement 1 allegiance requirement for citizenship 1 anti-impoundment doctrine 1 appropriations impoundment 1 Appropriations/impoundment 1 arbitrary-&-capricious review 1 Arlington Heights discriminatory-intent test 1 Batson 1 Casa universal injunction doctrine 1 civil detainee labor prohibition 1 commercial activity exception 1 Conditional spending doctrine 1 conditions of confinement 1 Conditions on federal funds 1 conduct versus protected speech 1 constitutional right to privacy 1 contractual obligation 1 coordinated expenditure limits 1 crimes of moral turpitude 1 criminal immunity 1 cross-examination impeachment by prior conviction 1 defense 1 delegation 1 delegation of powers 1 discriminatory intent / racial animus 1 discriminatory purpose 1 domicile requirement 1 double jeopardy protection 1 duty to maximize shareholder value 1 emergency powers 1 enumerated powers 1 Executive authority 1 Executive power over domestic military deployment 1 exigent circumstances / emergency exception 1 express powers 1 express-exception requirement 1 facial violation 1 false certification of evidence 1 false statement of fact 1 false testimony 1 Federal exclusive jurisdiction over immigration 1 Federal officer immunity from state criminal law 1 federal preemption 1 Federal preemption of state law 1 felon disenfranchisement 1 fiduciary duty 1 finality of administrative order precludes obstruction liability 1 First Amendment retaliation 1 foreign policy deference 1 Fourth Amendment protects people, not places 1 fundamental rights doctrine 1 general deterrence 1 General warrant prohibition 1 Generic drug label matching requirement 1 hearsay 1 Heck v. Humphrey doctrine 1 Heckler v. Cheney forbearance doctrine 1 historical tradition (Second Amendment) 1 hyperbole and sarcasm (not defamatory) 1 immunity 1 implied powers 1 implied private right of action 1 incapacitation 1 incorporation via 14th Amendment 1 individual deterrence 1 inducement of infringement 1 ineffective assistance of counsel 1 inherent executive power 1 intent to terrorize 1 intentional conduct vs. negligence 1 internally displaced persons (IDP) 1 interstitial executive power 1 Involuntary commitment 1 judicial independence 1 Laches / expiration of claims 1 legislative intent 1 lesser-included offense doctrine 1 limited public forum 1 marital privacy 1 Military support to law enforcement vs. enforcement distinction 1 narrow construction of military deployment authority 1 non-immigrant intent doctrine 1 non-refoulement principle 1 offered for truth 1 out-of-court statement 1 party presentation 1 penumbra and emanations 1 penumbral rights 1 petty offense exception 1 plaintiff's burden to prove falsity 1 political jurisdiction 1 political spending as protected expression 1 preemption doctrine 1 Prejudicial error 1 preliminary relief 1 presidential military authority 1 presidential National Guard deployment authority 1 presidential power over foreign affairs 1 Presidential Power over the National Guard 1 presidential power to deploy military domestically 1 pretext doctrine 1 Prior conviction impeachment 1 prior restraint 1 privilege doctrine 1 privilege-rights distinction 1 procedural review of immigration decisions 1 Property rights 1 prosecutorial misconduct 1 race-neutral justification requirement 1 records preservation requirement 1 reformative punishment 1 refugee vs. immigrant distinction (necessity-driven vs. choice-driven) 1 regulatory preemption 1 religious accommodation 1 Retaliatory action against the press 1 retributive theory 1 right to confront accuser 1 Right to counsel 1 right to privacy 1 right/privilege distinction 1 secondary patent liability 1 shareholder primacy 1 solicitation 1 Speech vs. conduct distinction 1 state invitation requirement 1 statutory delegation of authority to agency heads 1 statutory interpretation of 'determination' 1 statutory interpretation of 'regular forces' 1 student speech rights 1 Tennessee v. Garner 1 third party doctrine 1 torture bar 1 TPS designation immutability 1 true-threat doctrine 1 truth (defense to defamation) 1 Truth not a defense to induced infringement 1 Unenumerated rights 1 utilitarian theory 1 Vicarious liability 1 vindictive punishment 1 Void judgment 1 Void official acts by unauthorized officer 1 white primary doctrine 1 willfulness 1
Procedural Mechanism (243)
stay 22 motion to dismiss 14 discovery 13 class action 10 criminal contempt 9 Executive order 8 Certiorari 7 en banc rehearing 7 summary judgment 7 Federal question jurisdiction 6 grand jury indictment 6 scope of judicial review 6 class certification 5 Dismissal with prejudice 5 skinny label 5 agency determinations interpretation 4 cause of action 4 Court of Federal Claims jurisdiction 4 en banc review 4 habeas jurisdiction 4 hearing 4 institutional standing 4 Motion for summary judgment 4 motion to stay 4 nationwide injunction scope limitation 4 preliminary injunction scope 4 subject matter jurisdiction 4 appeal held in abeyance 3 asylum 3 civil service protections 3 collateral order doctrine 3 consent motion to dismiss 3 Diversity jurisdiction 3 expedited discovery 3 failure to state a claim 3 final agency action 3 geofencing warrant 3 immigration inspection 3 judicial review scope 3 jury selection 3 Margin of error in forensic IQ testing 3 nationwide injunction scope 3 peremptory challenge 3 peremptory challenges 3 Removal jurisdiction 3 shadow docket 3 venue 3 waiver of objections 3 Administrative determination 2 Advisory opinion doctrine 2 Amended complaint 2 amicus curiae brief 2 appeal 2 Appeal deadline for federal parties 2 appellate jurisdiction 2 Appellate reversal based on changed statutory interpretation 2 appellate review 2 ballot initiative 2 burden of proof on plaintiff 2 Case sealing 2 challenges for cause 2 Citizenship verification requirement 2 clear error standard (appellate review) 2 consultation requirement 2 de novo judicial review of agency interpretations 2 disclosure obligations 2 Dismissal without prejudice 2 district court appointment authority 2 employee vetting and disclosure duties 2 en banc rehearing procedure 2 ex parte communication 2 fact-law distinction 2 favorable termination requirement 2 Federalization of National Guard 2 filing deadline extension 2 geofence warrant 2 Grand jury secrecy 2 immigration parole 2 Judicial gatekeeping 2 Judicial review of agency action 2 Judicial review of agency decisions 2 jurisdiction - contracts vs. constitutional claims 2 jury instructions on reasonable doubt 2 jury trial 2 jury/finder of fact 2 motion to quash subpoena 2 notice of appeal 2 notice requirements 2 one-bite rule for habeas petitions 2 parens patriae standing 2 Personal jurisdiction 2 Personal jurisdiction based on FSIA commercial activity 2 pleading standard 2 race-neutral explanations 2 redressable injury 2 remand 2 removal proceedings 2 right to argue serious harm before removal 2 Rooker-Feldman doctrine 2 sealed filings 2 shadow-docket rulings and precedent clarity 2 stating a claim for relief 2 Victim redaction 2 voir dire 2 warrant requirement 2 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss 1 18-month review requirement 1 90-day re-liquidation window 1 access to counsel 1 Administrative review 1 agency action 1 Agency procedural violation 1 Amended pleading 1 amici powers and limitations 1 Amicus Curiae 1 Appeal does not automatically stay merits 1 appellate advisement requirement 1 Appellate discovery procedures 1 Arbitration agreement 1 ascertainment doctrine 1 attorney consultation during trial proceedings 1 bail conditions 1 Binding arbitration 1 bond hearing 1 border agent authority to challenge entry status 1 cell-site location information (CSLI) 1 child witness protective screen 1 Compulsory discovery 1 concurring opinion 1 congressional subpoena 1 consecutive and concurrent sentences 1 consecutive charging 1 consent motion 1 conviction reversal 1 country-of-removal prioritization 1 Deemed liquidation 1 deportation/removal 1 diplomatic assurances 1 discovery and deposition 1 discovery confidentiality 1 discovery sanctions 1 dissenting opinion 1 Entry liquidation 1 evidence preservation 1 evidentiary hearing 1 exact historical analog requirement 1 exhaustion of state remedies 1 expedited schedule 1 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 62 1 Federal Rule of Evidence 801 1 filing under seal 1 Final determination 1 final judgment 1 final judgment requirement 1 final judgment rule 1 Geographic scope of preliminary injunctions 1 Grand jury discretion 1 grand jury indictment procedure 1 Grand jury presentation requirement 1 grand jury review 1 habeas corpus jurisdiction 1 Hatch-Waxman skinny label 1 Huntley hearing 1 immigration courts 1 immunity versus defense distinction 1 implied remedy 1 Impoundment of federal funds 1 indictment defects 1 injunction scope 1 injunctive scope 1 Injury in fact 1 Interlocutory appeal 1 intervention 1 Judicial review of agency determinations 1 judicial review of executive determinations 1 judicial review of removal 1 Jurisdictional authority over federal agencies as case parties 1 jurisdictional challenge 1 jury 1 jury instructions 1 jury misconduct - improper evidence consideration 1 jury selection discrimination 1 jury trial right 1 lack of jurisdiction 1 legal citation format 1 Local Rule 7M compliance 1 Magistrate authority to approve charges 1 Mapp hearing 1 Military rules of engagement 1 misdemeanor exception to grand jury requirement 1 Mosley hearing 1 motion to amend complaint 1 motion to dismiss standards 1 National Guard deployment authority 1 national interest requirement 1 Non-binding arbitration 1 notice of supplemental authority 1 notice requirement 1 notice requirements for counsel access 1 notice-and-comment 1 notice-and-comment procedures 1 Notice-and-comment rulemaking 1 official capacity vs. personal capacity suits 1 opinion of the court 1 Orange Book 1 order of removal 1 order to show cause 1 parens patriae 1 Party-specificity of preliminary injunctions 1 patent use code 1 plea agreement 1 plurality decision 1 plurality opinion 1 plurality opinion binding effect 1 policy question vs. legal question 1 preclusion of judicial review 1 probationary employment 1 ratification by legislature vs. convention 1 Remand for further proceedings 1 removal from state to federal court 1 removal order 1 removal procedures 1 reporter system 1 Rule 12(b)(6) pleading standard 1 Rule 32(J)(1), Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure 1 Rule 60 motion 1 sealing documents / filing under seal 1 Secretary's discretion to terminate TPS 1 seeking admission 1 statute of limitations for challenging agency action 1 stay/TRO standards 1 subpoena 1 subpoena enforcement 1 substantive characterization for jurisdiction 1 successive habeas petitions 1 superseding indictments 1 supervised release 1 Supreme Court stay without opinion 1 Threat assessment and escalation standards 1 Title III waiver/suspension authority 1 voting rights restoration 1 waiver of appellate rights 1 waiver of right to appeal 1
Statute (123)
humanitarian parole 6 Posse Comitatus Act 6 10 USC 12406 4 Administrative Procedure Act 4 Privacy Act 4 Section 47B 4 Alien Enemies Act of 1798 3 asylum application deadline bar 3 collective bargaining rights 3 for cause removal 3 parole 3 Voting Rights Act 3 17 USC 504(c) 2 18 USC § 1505 2 18 USC § 924(c) 2 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b) 2 28 U.S.C. 546D interim appointment process 2 42 U.S.C. § 1983 2 AEDPA (Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act) 2 AIPA (Emergency Tariff Act) 2 Alien Tort Statute 2 Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act 2 APA preliminary relief (§ 705) 2 appropriations lapse 2 campaign spending limits 2 false statements 2 Federal Arbitration Act 2 Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 2 Federal Records Act 2 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 2 Federal Tort Claims Act 2 Federal Vacancies Reform Act interim limits 2 FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act) 2 Foreign Assistance Act of 1969 2 Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 2 H1B visa 2 Hatch Act 2 Hatch-Waxman Act 2 inducement to infringe (Section 271(b)) 2 International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) 2 Libertad Act (Helms-Burton Act) 2 Minimum wage requirements 2 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 2 Obstruction of investigative proceedings (18 USC Section 1505) 2 permanent resident status 2 racketeering 2 safe harbor for generic drug approval (Section 271(e)(1)) 2 SNAP statutory benefit obligation 2 Title 32 National Guard deployment 2 Voting Rights Act of 1965 2 120-day limit on interim appointments 1 28 U.S.C. § 1442 (federal officer removal) 1 administrative record 1 APA procedural requirements 1 appropriations rider 1 arriving alien 1 asylum seeker 1 CAT (Convention Against Torture) 1 contributions vs. expenditures distinction 1 country conditions assessment 1 crime of moral turpitude 1 Criminal possession 1 Criminal Rule 2D 1 diversity visa 1 Egg Products Inspection Act 1 Environmental impact assessment requirement 1 Epstein Files Transparency Act 1 F-1 visa 1 False statements to Congress 1 Federal immigration enforcement authority 1 for-cause removal restrictions 1 generic drug labeling 1 Hatch-Waxman compromise 1 Helms-Burton Act (Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1996) 1 historic preservation 1 immigrants 1 INA § 241 removal 1 Insurrection Act 1 Interim appointment under Vacancies Act 1 jurisdiction stripping 1 Lanham Act 1 lawful permanent resident (LPR) status 1 Libertad Act Title III 1 Militia Act of 1903 1 National Endowment for Democracy Act 1 Native American historic access rights 1 New York murder degrees 1 non-immigrants 1 Obstruction of Congressional investigation 1 one-year asylum filing deadline 1 patent protection for new use 1 persecution as asylum ground 1 Posse Comitatus 1 presidential authority to bar classes of aliens as detrimental to national interests 1 presidential authority to set annual refugee admission numbers (with Congressional consultation) 1 Proposition 12 1 public benefit corporation 1 refugee 1 refugee status 1 refugees 1 "regular forces" statutory interpretation 1 Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) 1 Removal authority 1 removal vs. deportation vs. exclusion 1 Rule 65(a)(2) 1 Sameness Requirement 1 Section 1983 - Civil Rights Act of 1871 1 Section 2 (Voting Rights Act) 1 Section 271(b) of the Patent Act 1 Section 4 (FAA) 1 Securities filing requirements 1 security (statutory definition) 1 Statute of limitations 1 Statutory limits on immigration arrest authority 1 statutory mandate for USAGM operation 1 statutory violations 1 Taxpayer privacy statutory protections 1 Terrorism statute 1 threats to the president 1 Title 32 1 unauthorized national security communications 1 unauthorized retention of classified documents 1 Victims of Crime Act of 1984 1
Constitutional Provision (68)
habeas corpus 16 birthright citizenship 14 double jeopardy 9 Equal Protection 8 10th Amendment 7 Fourteenth Amendment citizenship clause 5 14th Amendment citizenship clause 4 alien enemies exception to jurisdiction 4 diplomatic immunity exception to jurisdiction 4 Elections Clause 4 First Amendment press freedom 4 Senate confirmation requirement 4 subject to the jurisdiction thereof 4 8th Amendment 3 Fifth Amendment Due Process and Equal Protection Guarantee 3 right of association 3 Spending Clause 3 tariff power 3 voting rights 3 14th Amendment 2 7th Amendment (jury trial in civil cases) 2 Appropriations Clause 2 Article II executive power 2 Constitutional oath 2 Elections Clause state authority over voter eligibility 2 ex post facto clause 2 First Amendment political speech 2 First Amendment protection 2 First Amendment protection for press 2 Fourth Amendment rights 2 Fourth Amendment unreasonable search and seizure 2 free speech 2 Freedom of assembly 2 Interstate Compact Clause 2 Speech and Debate Clause (Article I, Section 6) 2 Subject to the jurisdiction clause (14th Amendment) 2 Times, Places, and Manner Clause 2 4th Amendment protections 1 9th Amendment unenumerated rights 1 Article 1 courts 1 Article 3 courts 1 Article 3, Section 1 — vesting of judicial power 1 Article 4, Section 4 Domestic Violence Clause 1 Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 - Naturalization Power 1 Article I, Section 8 enumerated powers 1 bill of attainder 1 Commander-in-Chief power 1 Congressional oversight authority 1 Congressional power to establish inferior courts 1 domestic violence clause 1 due process 1 ex post facto 1 executive authority under Article II 1 federal court subject-matter jurisdiction 1 Fifth Amendment due process 1 Fifth Amendment grand jury requirement 1 Fifth Amendment takings 1 Fourth Amendment - expectation of privacy in location data 1 Fourth Amendment seizure 1 Grand jury indictment requirement 1 impartial jury 1 Presidential federalization authority 1 public access to judicial proceedings 1 Right to impartial jury 1 Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause 1 Sixth Amendment right to confrontation 1 Sixth Amendment right to counsel 1 tariff authority 1
Remedy (45)
preliminary injunction 60 temporary restraining order 19 Stay pending appeal 7 injunctive relief 6 permanent injunction 5 equitable remedy 4 stay of proceedings 4 withholding of removal 3 damages 2 Declaratory judgment 2 disqualification 2 Law enforcement accountability mechanisms 2 removal 2 stay of judgment 2 Temporary injunction 2 vacatur 2 withholding & CAT 2 administrative stay 1 APA § 705 stay 1 Appellate Stay 1 automatic stay 1 Civil injunction 1 commutation 1 Compelling arbitration 1 Consent order 1 declaratory relief 1 disgorgement 1 document sealing 1 Enforcing arbitration awards 1 equitable injunction 1 equitable relief 1 Expungement 1 final removal order 1 government tort liability and remedies 1 lost profits damages 1 mistrial 1 nationwide injunctions 1 parole into the country 1 preliminary injunction pending appeal 1 protective order for witness identity 1 punitive damages 1 special master 1 stay of preliminary injunction 1 stay of removal 1 stays pending appeal 1
Standard (85)
notice & opportunity to be heard 7 rational basis review 7 Arbitrary and capricious review 6 APA arbitrary-&-capricious 5 historic traditions test 4 Narrowly tailored 4 Actual malice 3 APA arbitrary-and-capricious review 3 Atkins v. Virginia rule on capital punishment 3 cruel and unusual punishment 3 Extent of power standard 3 objective reasonableness standard 3 objectively unreasonable standard 3 reasonable expectation of privacy 3 Actual malice standard 2 adequate warning (labeling standard) 2 appearance of impropriety 2 Arlington Heights test 2 Arlington Heights test for discriminatory purpose 2 balance of harms and equities 2 clearly established law 2 Emergency stay standard 2 Equitable remedy scope 2 General use 2 general use requirement 2 Historic public interest exception 2 historic tradition test 2 knowing publication 2 least restrictive means 2 Loper Bright framework 2 negligent supervision 2 race-neutral explanation 2 reasonable doubt 2 reckless disregard 2 substantial nexus requirement 2 time, place, and manner restriction 2 Twombly-Iqbal pleading standard 2 undue coerciveness standard 2 willful copyright infringement 2 active inducement requirement 1 active steps 1 actual vindictiveness 1 APA arbitrary-and-capricious 1 appearance of corruption 1 arbitrary & capricious 1 Bruen standard 1 Chevron doctrine 1 clearly established federal law 1 Colorable authority 1 corruption prevention as compelling interest 1 detention standards 1 grave emergency standard 1 history of racial discrimination requirement 1 intent to induce infringement 1 intent to infringe 1 investigative proceeding 1 investigative proceeding vs. police investigation 1 Jackson's three-part test 1 Justice Black's standard 1 Justice Douglas's standard 1 likelihood of success on merits 1 moment of threat rule 1 persecution 1 preliminary-injunction standard 1 presidential exclusivity in privilege assertion 1 presumption against preemption 1 presumptive vindictiveness 1 prima facie case 1 probable cause for arrest 1 public-interest factor 1 pure question of law standard 1 quid pro quo corruption 1 reasonable fear 1 reasonable time period 1 reasonableness standard 1 Safety law / economic regulation distinction 1 Same offense 1 sealing standard 1 Specificity requirement 1 Specificity requirement for data requests 1 subpoena-specific assertion of executive privilege 1 Threat assessment standards 1 totality of circumstances 1 Totality of circumstances test 1 zone of twilight 1
Interpretive Doctrine (13)
Constitutional Amendment (10)
Cause of Action (27)
defamation 8 patent infringement 6 Breach of contract 2 malicious prosecution 2 Negligent hiring 2 racial gerrymandering 2 conspiracy to commit forgery 1 contempt 1 contempt of Congress 1 copyright infringement 1 defamation/libel 1 direct infringement 1 excessive use of force 1 false endorsement 1 forced labor 1 intent element 1 Libel 1 obstruction 1 Obstruction of congressional inquiry 1 Obstruction of federal agency proceedings 1 obstruction of pending proceeding under Section 1505 1 race-based discrimination claim 1 section 1983 civil rights action 1 Section 1983 claim 1 solicitation of violation of oath by public officer 1 Title III restitution claims 1 unjust enrichment 1