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The Sustainability Institute v. Trump (Sustainability Appeal 20)

No. 25-1575 Circuit · Decided
District
Court
4th Cir.
ca4
Argued
Oct 23, 2025
Decided
Jan 21, 2026
Filed
May 22, 2025
Filed (CL)
May 22, 2025
CL Status
terminated

Executive order authority equitable relief preliminary injunction

Legal Issues

Executive order authorityequitable reliefpreliminary injunction

The Law · How the Case Works

Overview

Overview

The government appealed Judge Gergel's order granting a permanent injunction for the plaintiffs regarding 36 out of the 38 grants frozen and requiring the government to release the requested funds.

The Issue

Issue

Whether the government's freeze of federal funding to environmental grants violated the Administrative Procedure Act or other applicable law, and whether a permanent injunction requiring release of the withheld funds was warranted.

The Rules

Rule

An injunction is appropriate when a plaintiff demonstrates likelihood of success on the merits, irreparable harm absent the injunction, a favorable balance of equities, and that the injunction serves the public interest. Agency action may be challenged as arbitrary and capricious under the APA if it is not in accordance with law.

The Application

Analysis

The district court found the funding freeze violated applicable law and that The Sustainability Institute demonstrated likelihood of success on the merits and would suffer irreparable harm from continued withholding of funds. The court determined the balance of equities and public interest favored the injunction.

The Conclusion

Conclusion

The district court granted a permanent injunction requiring the government to release the frozen funds for 36 of the 38 grants. The government appealed to the Fourth Circuit, where the case remains pending.

Court -
FiledMay 22, 2025
CL Statusterminated
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Court -
FiledMay 22, 2025
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No Supreme Court data for this case.

Outcome History (2)

  1. Jun 5, 2025 Circuit
    Stay granted Neutral

    Motion for stay pending appeal was granted, and motion for temporary administrative stay was denied as moot.

  2. Jan 21, 2026 Circuit
    Vacated Unresolved Final

    Case was vacated and remanded back to the district court.

Federal Court TMR-c26ef29b Federal Funding Freeze <br> Appeal of 2:25-cv-02152 Jul 26, 2026
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