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Bowers v. Hardwick (Privacy LGBTQ 83)

No. 1:83-cv-00273 SCOTUS · Decided Teaching/Historical SCOTUS
Decided: Jan 30, 1987
Court
Supreme Court
gand
Decided
Jan 30, 1987
Filed
Feb 14, 1983
Filed (CL)
Feb 14, 1983
CL Status
terminated

Judicial review of agency action negative inference (statutory interpretation) Temporary Protected Status (TPS) judicial review

Legal Issues

Judicial review of agency actionnegative inference (statutory interpretation)Temporary Protected Status (TPS)judicial review

The Law · How the Case Works

Overview

Overview

The Supreme Court upheld Georgia's sodomy statute, holding that the Constitution does not protect a fundamental right to engage in homosexual conduct.

Overview

The Supreme Court upheld Georgia's sodomy statute, holding that the Constitution does not protect a fundamental right to engage in homosexual conduct.

The Facts

Facts

Michael Hardwick was charged under Georgia's sodomy law after police observed him engaging in consensual sexual activity with another man in his home. Hardwick challenged the constitutionality of the statute. The lower courts initially ruled in Hardwick's favor, but the case was appealed to the Supreme Court.

Facts

Michael Hardwick was charged under Georgia's sodomy law after police observed him engaging in consensual sexual activity with another man in his home. Hardwick challenged the constitutionality of the statute. The lower courts initially ruled in Hardwick's favor, but the case was appealed to the Supreme Court.

The Issue

Issue

Whether the Constitution's guarantee of liberty protects consensual intimate conduct between adults of the same sex from criminal prohibition.

Issue

Whether the Constitution's guarantee of liberty protects consensual intimate conduct between adults of the same sex from criminal prohibition.

The Rules

Rule

Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986), held that the Constitution did not confer a fundamental right to engage in homosexual sodomy, and upheld Georgia's sodomy statute. Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003), expressly overruled Bowers, holding that the Due Process Clause's liberty guarantee protects the right of adults to engage in consensual intimate conduct in their homes free from government intrusion.

Rule

Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986), held that the Constitution did not confer a fundamental right to engage in homosexual sodomy, and upheld Georgia's sodomy statute. Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003), expressly overruled Bowers, holding that the Due Process Clause's liberty guarantee protects the right of adults to engage in consensual intimate conduct in their homes free from government intrusion.

The Application

Analysis

The Court applied fundamental rights doctrine to Hardwick's challenge, requiring him to prove that a right to homosexual sodomy was deeply rooted in national traditions. A standard he could not meet. Although Hardwick's conduct was consensual and occurred in private, the majority declined to extend prior privacy protections for contraception and family matters into the realm of same-sex sexual conduct, distinguishing those precedents as protecting reproductive and marital autonomy rather than sexuality itself. Georgia's asserted interest in regulating sexual morality provided a rational basis for the statute, and the Court held this sufficed to justify criminal prohibition of private consensual sodomy. The application of this narrow fundamental rights framework thus allowed the statute to survive constitutional challenge despite targeting intimate private conduct.

The Conclusion

Conclusion

The Supreme Court, in a 5-4 decision, held that there is no fundamental constitutional right to engage in homosexual sodomy. The majority rejected the extension of privacy rights recognized in prior cases to homosexual conduct. Justice White's majority opinion emphasized the state's legitimate interest in regulating sexual conduct. The ruling upheld Georgia's sodomy statute and established that such laws do not violate the Constitution. This decision was later overruled in Lawrence v. Texas (2003).

Conclusion

The Supreme Court, in a 5-4 decision, held that there is no fundamental constitutional right to engage in homosexual sodomy. The majority rejected the extension of privacy rights recognized in prior cases to homosexual conduct. Justice White's majority opinion emphasized the state's legitimate interest in regulating sexual conduct. The ruling upheld Georgia's sodomy statute and established that such laws do not violate the Constitution. This decision was later overruled in Lawrence v. Texas (2003).

Court -
FiledFeb 14, 1983
CL Statusterminated
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Cert Granted -
Statusterminated
Filed (CL)Feb 14, 1983
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SCOTUS TMR-1b548de6 Jul 26, 2026
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