United States of America v. State of California

Under the dormant Commerce Clause rule established in National Pork Producers Council v. Ross, California's egg regulation does not violate the dormant Commerce Clause merely by requiring cage-free housing as a condition of market entry; the regulation applies equally to in-state and out-of-state producers and does not facially discriminate against interstate commerce. Ross rejected the categorical argument that market-access conditions tied to out-of-state production are per se dormant Commerce Clause violations, holding instead that states retain authority to set the terms on which products may be sold within their borders. The court is considering whether this rule extends fully to California's egg standards or whether the regulation's practical effect of mandating out-of-state compliance creates a burden on interstate commerce exceeding dormant Commerce Clause limits.